Thursday, April 15, 2010

"Weird Al" Yankovic - grammar lesson



It looks like Weird Al may have joined SPOGG. So what does Grammar Girl have to say about less vs. fewer?
Less and fewer are easy to mix up. They mean the same thing—the opposite of more—but you use them in different circumstances (1). The basic rule is that you use less with mass nouns and fewer with count nouns.

Count Nouns Versus Mass Nouns

Now I'm worried that I've scared you off, but it's easy to remember the difference between mass nouns and count nouns.

A count noun is just something you can count. I'm looking at my desk and I see books, pens, and M&M's. I can count all those things, so they are count nouns and the right word to use is fewer. I should eat fewer M&M's.

Mass nouns are just things that you can't count individually. Again, on my desk I see tape and clutter. These things can't be counted individually, so the right word to use is less. If I had less clutter, my desk would be cleaner. Another clue is that you don't make mass nouns plural: I would never say I have clutters on my desk or that I need more tapes to hold my book covers together.
So, those signs over the express lane at Kroger's ought to read "15 items or fewer" rather than the popular but grammatically incorrect "15 items or less."

Wednesday, April 14, 2010

Four Main Components for an Effective Outline


This resource from Purdue's Writing Resource Center describes why outlines are useful, what types of outlines exist, suggestions for developing effective outlines, and how outlines can be used as an invention strategy for writing.

Ideally, you should follow these four suggestions to create an effective outline. The examples are taken from the Sample Outline handout.

Parallelism - How do I accomplish this?
Each heading and subheading should preserve parallel structure. If the first heading is a verb, the second heading should be a verb. Example:
I. Choose Desired Colleges
II. Prepare Application
("Choose" and "Prepare" are both verbs. The present tense of the verb is usually the preferred form for an outline)

Coordination - How do I accomplish this?
All the information contained in Heading 1 should have the same significance as the information contained in Heading 2. The same goes for the subheadings (which should be less significant than the headings). Example:

I. Visit and evaluate college campuses
II. Visit and evaluate college websites
A. Note important statistics
B. Look for interesting classes
(Campus and websites visits are equally significant. They are part of the main tasks you would need to do. Finding statistics and classes found on college websites are parts of the process involved in carrying out the main heading topics.)

Subordination - How do I accomplish this?
The information in the headings should be more general, while the information in the subheadings should be more specific. Example:

I. Describe an influential person in your life
A. Favorite high school teacher
B. Grandparent
(A favorite teacher and grandparent are specific examples from the generalized category of influential people in your life.)

Division - How do I accomplish this?
Each heading should be divided into 2 or more parts. Example:

I. Compile resume
A. List relevant coursework
B. List work experience
C. List volunteer experience
(The heading "Compile resume" is divided into 3 parts.)

Technically, there is no limit to the number of subdivisions for your headings; however, if you seem to have a lot, it may be useful to see if some of the parts can be combined.

Monday, April 12, 2010

Introducing Willa Cather & Neighbour Rosicky


You've got an introductory packet now on Willa Cather and the theme of the American dream (available here online, too), but here's an excellent website devoted to Cather and her works.

The Willa Cather Foundation

The assignment sheet is also available online in PDF format if you should need another copy. For now, consider some more quotations from Willa:

"The feeling of the rain on you is sweet. It seems to bring feelings you had when you were a baby. It carries you back into the dark, before you were born." - O Pioneers!

"Men travel faster now, but I do not know if they go to better things." - Death Comes for the Archbishop

"We come and go, but the land is always here. And the people who love it and understand it are the people who own it for a little while." - O Pioneers!

Friday, April 9, 2010

Preview: The American Dream

For those of you who might want to get a head start on the semester's remaining work, here's a preview of what's ahead, aside from the term paper. We'll be working with the general theme of the so-called "American dream" in works of Willa Cather, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and John Cheever.

As an introduction you will be required to read "American Dream: Myth or Reality" by James Nagel. It is available online at the PBS American Masters Website. Yes, you will be responsible for the material presented therein.

On Monday when you return you will receive a hardcopy of this essay as well as a copy of Willa Cather's "Neighbour Rosicky." If you are tired of hours of Easter break Facebooking, you can find a copy of the story online here.

N.B. Your term paper note cards are due on Thursday, April 15. I will not be giving an extension. Please bring blank note cards and your secondary sources to school every day next week. I will be giving you in-class work time. Be prepared!

Wednesday, April 7, 2010

The Society for the Promotion of Good Grammar


Why not become a member of SPOGG, "The Society for the Promotion of Good Grammar"? Membership is free! In fact, if you join, print out the membership card, laminate it, and carry it with you daily, I will give you 100 extra credit points for 4th quarter. Not bad, eh? And remember, you are all charter members of the Cincinnati chapter of the Apostrophe Protection Society. From the SPOGG website:
There are huge problems in this world, and then there are problems that can be solved by everyday people with red pens and a little moxie.

The Society for the Promotion of Good Grammar is for pen-toters appalled by wanton displays of Bad English. (And we're not talking about Bad English, the band, although their song "Heaven is a 4 letter word" needs a hyphen.)

SPOGG is for people who crave good, clean English — sentences cast well and punctuated correctly. It's about clarity. And who knows how many of the world's huge problems could be solved if we had a little more of that?

SPOGG is the proud founder of National Grammar Day, which happens every year on March 4.
Visit the SPOGG blog. If you are really cyber-hip, you can also join on Facebook.

Word of the Day: Longanimity & Longanimous


Longanimity (n) - good-natured tolerance of delay or incompetence; calmness in the face of suffering and adversity; forbearance.

longanimous (adj.) - showing patient and unruffled self-control and restraint under adversity; slow to retaliate or express resentment

How many of these other long- prefix words do you know?

long-wooled, longanberry, longar palm, Longbeak, longbeard, Longbenton, longboat, longbow, long-tongued, long-waisted, long-staple, longcloth, longe, longeron, longheaded, longhorn, longhouse, longicorn, longilateral, longiloquence,longimetry, longinquity, longipalp, longipennate, longipennes, longiroster, longirostral, longirostres, longueuil, longueur, longulite, longus

Wednesday, March 31, 2010

Oscar Wilde's An Ideal Husband

I just received a mailer today announcing that the Cincinnati Shakespeare Company's next production will be Oscar Wilde's An Ideal Husband. Though not American literature, I know many of you enjoyed reading and performing Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest last year. An Ideal Husband is slightly similar.

Here is the brief synopsis provided on their website:
To aristocrat Sir Robert Chiltern, the past is better kept in the past. But when an old acquaintance threatens to reveal the nefarious nature of his rise to wealth, Sir Robert’s well-kept life is at risk. Will he do whatever it takes to remain the “ideal husband” in the eyes of his adoring wife and fawning friends, or will he accept the truth and confront his undoing? With a lively cast of supporting characters, Oscar Wilde’s popular play An Ideal Husband takes the stage for a truly theatrical experience that’s not to be missed.
If there's enough interest, I'll certainly consider another high school night out. So, if you are interested in attending a performance I can arrange for student tickets at a group rate. Do let me know. The play runs from April 16 to May 16.

Tuesday, March 30, 2010

Notes on Note-Taking: Source Cards


As you will know by now, you'll be taking your research notes using the 3x5 card method. The first type of note card is the "source card." Consult your research paper packet for a full definition of what this is. You will need to consult your MLA Handbook in order to know how the source information needs to be recorded on your note card. Below, I am giving you examples of the three most common types of sources: a single book, an article from a periodical, and a document from the internet.

1. Single book source (see MLA, pg 147)
Tatar, Maria. Off With Their Heads! Fairy Tales and the Culture of Childhood. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.

2. An article in a periodical journal (see MLA, pg 180)
Mills, Jonathan. "The Moral Center in Ethan Frome," Edith Wharton Quarterly, 34 (1999): 205-215.

3. A document from the internet (see MLA, pg. 207)
Dane, Gabriel. 'Reading Ophelia's Madness," Exemplaria 10.2 (1998). 22 June 2002

Obviously, there are many variations on these three typical types of sources. You will likely need to repeatedly consult your MLA Handbook. Again, see Chapter 5.

Sunday, March 28, 2010

Approved Working Thesis Statements


N.B. Although the following statements are "approved" this does not mean they can't be changed or improved upon.

Joseph B
Johnny got His Gun, Slaughterhouse Five, and The Red Badge of Courage all convey anti-war sentiments by showing how war can affect a man by mutilating him, causing him psychological stress, and giving him a false sense of courage.

Julianna
Dick, Asimov, and Finney all show that acting out of selfishness, especially when given the unique power of time travel, ultimately results in negative effects on the society around them and/or on the time traveler himself.

Elizabeth
Uncle Tom's Cabin, Pudd'nhead Wilson, and Contending Forces show the equality of blacks and whites through stories which raise the unjustly low social status of blacks while loweing the unreasonably elevated status of whites.

Ashley
Catch 22, Slaughterhouse Five, and The Naked and the Dead convey an anti-war mentality by showing the effect of the imminence of death on the soldiers fighting in WWII through the use of realism, satire, and black humor.

Marcella
In O Pioneers!, My Antonia, and A Lost Lady, Willa Cather uses symbolism and characterization to express man's ideal relationship to the land that benefits themselves and their community.

Jennifer
Through their novels, Edith Wharton, Pearl S. Buck, and Louisa May Alcott depict the internal struggle between duty and desire that each man experiences through the normal course of life despite their social circumstances.

Annmarie
Through their portrayal of romantic relationships in post-Reconstruction black communities, the authors of Contending Forces, The Outsider, and Not Without Laughter present divergent views of the black man's quest for happiness in the midst of racial oppression.

Gabriela
Through their depictions of self-righteous ways of life, To Kill Black Boy, Uncle Tom's Cabin, and To Kill a Mockingbird illustrate that some aspects of organized religion were actually contrary to natural law.

Larry
Through his use of satire in The Celebrated Jumping Frog, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, and The Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Mark Twain provides a harsh critique of the immaturity of the American people in the mid-19th century.

Peter
In The Long Valley, Travels With Charlie, and The Short Reign of Pippin the IV, John Steinbeck shows that making choices based solely on human selfishness can be harmful to others and lead to ill effects on society.

Naomi
Through the use of immature male protagonists, the authors of A Separate Peace, Catcher in the Rye, and The Outsiders depict the struggles of coming of age in mid-20th century America.

Sean
In his novels, Chaim Potok explores the conflict between tradition and modernity through the intrareligious differences of his characters and how they overcome these differences while still maintaining their faith without compromise.
Olivia
Ellison, Gaines, and Lee each treat the subject of racial injustice by depicting the search for individuality in an oppressive environment.

Monday, March 22, 2010

PSAT/SAT Question of the Day #6


Part of the following sentence is italicized; beneath the sentence are five ways of phrasing the underlined material. Select the option that produces the best sentence. If you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence than any of the alternatives, select choice A.

Many of the instruments used in early operations of the United States Army Signal Corps were adaptations of equipment used by the Plains Indians, particularly that of the heliograph.
(A) Corps were adaptations of equipment used by the Plains Indians, particularly that of the heliograph

(B) Corps, there were adaptations of equipment used by the Plains Indians, particularly the heliograph

(C) Corps, and in particular the heliograph, was an adaptation of equipment used by the Plains Indians

(D) Corps, and in particular the heliograph, were adaptations of equipment used by the Plains Indians

(E) Corps being adaptations, the heliograph in particular, of those used by Plains Indians
Check the comments box for the answer!

Sunday, March 21, 2010

Another Helpful Research Tool


Here's an excellent web-based research tool. It's called Literaryhistory.com. Like similar databases, you can search using keywords. For example, if you entered in the key words: Edith Wharton, it returns a page devoted to the author, including links to full articles and essays about her books and stories. Click here to see the results for Edith Wharton. And then try it yourself using your own keywords.

Research paper: Locating sources


Library databases will provide you with a great place to start your research. The Cincinnati Public Library’s computer system holds important resources that either aren’t otherwise available on the Web at all or aren’t easily accessible to you except through the library’s system.

Library Catalogue
The most important of these resources is the library’s own catalog of its holdings -- mostly books, magazines, and journals. I recommend that you begin by using the Advanced Search feature.

Research Databases
The Cincinnati Public Library also provides access to databases that you can use for free if you login to their system with your library card. At the homepage of their website click onto the “Research & Homework” section and then onto “Research Databases.” This will provide you with access to a list of the available databases. The most helpful listing will likely be Books & Literary Criticism. Once you are on that page, the following databases will be your best friends while you research. Note: To access these databases you will need to enter your library card number and PIN.
Literature Criticism Online
Use this resource to find commentary on classic and contemporary books, plays, and poems. Essays are drawn from the following reference books: Contemporary Literary Criticism, Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism, Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism, Shakespearean Criticism, Literature Criticism from 1400-1800, Classical and Medieval Literature Criticism, Poetry Criticism, Short Story Criticism, Drama Criticism, and Children's Literature Review.

Literature Resource Center
Access biographies, bibliographies, and critical analyses of novelists, poets, essayists, and journalists from every age and literary discipline.

MLA International Bibliography
Subject index for books and articles published on modern languages, literatures, folklore, and linguistics
The above three databases will allow you to search by topic, author, keywords, etc. You will be able to read the full text of the articles, and you can even print them in PDF format.

Assignment: For Thursday, please print out one article on a topic related to your research paper and bring it to class. Remember, each article is considered a single source.

Wednesday, March 17, 2010

Edith Wharton's Ghost Stories



Did you know that, in addition to her critically-acclaimed novels (Age of Innocence, Ethan Frome, and House of Mirth) Edith Wharton also wrote ghost stories, many of them written as morality tales? Some of these include:

"Bewitched," 1925
This ghost story is considered "an interesting ghostly counterpart" to Ethan Frome. Similar in some ways to Hawthorne's "Ethan Brand" -- read at your own risk!

"Afterward" From Tales of Men and Ghosts, 1910.
A vengeful spirit from the past returns to strip Ned Boyne of the fortune he has made years ago under questionable circumstances.

"The Eyes" From Tales of Men and Ghosts, 1910.
Reminiscent of Poe's "William Wilson," this short story features protagonist Andrew Culwin, who is haunted by a pair of repulsive, disembodied eyes. Only much later does he realize that the eyes are apparitions from the future, a phantasmal projection of his own wizened conscience as it looks back upon his youthful indiscretions and self-deception.

"The Fulness of Life" 1893
A woman dies and meets her soul-mate, who turns out to be....

"Kerfol" 1916
One of Wharton's best ghost stories: quasi-Gothic architecture, an antiquarian immersion in the Renaissance past, some ghostly dogs — less terror but more haunting than Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's classic Sherlock Holmes ghostly canine tale The Hound of the Baskervilles. "Kerfol" depicts a ruined French estate haunted by the spirits of dogs, animals murdered by the previous owner in revenge for what he wrongly believed was his wife's adultery.

"The Lady's Maid's Bell" 1902
The ghost of a former maid continues to serve her mistress. Seeking to protect the woman, an invalid, from an encroaching danger, the dead maid's spirit rings her bell, but to no avail.
"The Triumph of Night"
A man becomes plagued by obsessive feelings of guilt after failing to respond to a nightmarish vision in which he sees his friend's death planned by a greedy uncle.

PSAT/SAT Question of the Day #5


Choose the word or set of words that, when inserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.

Barbara McClintock's systematic examination of corn demonstrated the transposition of genes, a finding that overturned entrenched beliefs and proved that ------- study may produce brilliant insights and ------- change.

(A) haphazard . . radical
(B) inherent . . controversial
(C) improvised . . startling
(D) methodical . . revolutionary
(E) derivative . . gradual

Take your guess, and then check the comments box for the answer.

Tuesday, March 16, 2010

Extra Credit: Edith Wharton Quiz

"The Mount" -- Edith Wharton's Estate in Lenox, Mass.

Here's an end-of-the-quarter extra credit opportunity. If you can answer these ten questions about Edith Wharton correctly, I'll give you an extra 50 points. Many of you are on the bubble between grades, e.g., between an A+ and an H-. You must submit the answers to me in writing at the beginning of class on Thursday.

1 What was Edith Wharton's first published book?

2 What famous American author was Edith Wharton's good friend and traveling companion?

3 At about what age did Edith Wharton publish her first book of short stories?

4 Lily Bart is the heroine of which Wharton novel?

5 Published in 1917, this book set in the New England town of North Dormer featured a young heroine who falls in love with a visiting architect. What is it.

6 For which work did Edith Wharton win the Pulitzer Prize in 1921?

7 Wharton edited The Book of the Homeless and wrote Fighting France: From Dunquerque to Belforte to provide relief for refugees during what war?

8 In 1923, Edith Wharton was honored as the first woman to receive an honorary Doctor of Letters degree from what university?

9 The first draft of Ethan Frome was written in which language?

10 Although she traveled extensively before and after this time, after about 1913 Edith Wharton lived primarily in which country?

PSAT/SAT Question of the Day #4


Part of the following sentence is italicized; beneath the sentence are five ways of phrasing the underlined material. Select the option that produces the best sentence. If you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence than any of the alternatives, select choice A.

Scenes from the everyday lives of African Americans, which are realistically depicted in the paintings of Henry Ossawa Tanner.

(A) Scenes from the everyday lives of African Americans, which are realistically depicted in the paintings of Henry Ossawa Tanner.

(B) Scenes from the everyday lives of African Americans being realistically depicted in the paintings of Henry Ossawa Tanner.

(C) The paintings of Henry Ossawa Tanner realistically depict scenes from the everyday lives of African Americans.

(D) Henry Ossawa Tanner, in his realistic paintings, depicting scenes from the everyday lives of African Americans.

(E) Henry Ossawa Tanner, whose paintings realistically depict scenes from the everyday lives of African Americans.

Check the comments box for the answer!

Monday, March 15, 2010

Approved "Guiding Questions"


The following are guiding questions that have been approved. These questions should guide your initial research and culminate in the formation of a working thesis:

Julianna
How do the three methods of "time travel" in Time Out of Joint, Time and Again, and The End of Eternity bresult in the time-travel creators' "playing God," and what are, ot could have been, the consequences of their actions?

Ashley
How do Catch-22, Slaughterhouse-Five, and The Naked and the Dead show the effect of the imminence of death on soldiers fighting in World War II?

Jennifer
In what ways do Little Women, The Age of Innocence, and Peony portray the conflict between duty and personal interests in a moral light?

Larry
How do Mark Twain's novels and short stories portray maturity, the maturing process, or the lack of maturity in people and American society?

Sean
How do the characters in Chaim Potok's The Chosen, The Promise, and My Name is Asher Lev reconcile their faith and tradition with modern secular society?

Annmarie
What do Not Without Laughter, The Outsider, and Contending Forces have to say about black communities after the Civil War?

Olivia
In what ways do To Kill a Mockingbird, The Invisible Man, and A Lesson Before Dying express racial injustice through forms of government oppression?

Joseph B
How do Johnny Got His Gun, The Red Badge of Courage, and Slaughterhouse Five go about showing the effects war can have on a man?

Gabriela
How do Black Boy, To Kill a Mockingbird, and Uncle Tom's Cabin demonstrate that racism is incompatible with civil and natural law?

Elizabeth
In what ways do Contending Forces, Pudd'nhead Wilson, and Uncle Tom's Cabin scrutinize the absurdity and selfishness of putting one's own race above another?

Marcella
What do Willa Cather's My Antonia, O Pioneers!, and A Lost Lady have to say about the American Dream"?

Thursday, March 11, 2010

Edith Wharton & Ethan Frome


In her long career, which stretched over forty years and included the publication of more than forty books, Edith Wharton (1862-1937) portrayed a fascinating segment of the American experience. She was a born storyteller, whose novels are justly celebrated for their vivid settings, satiric wit, ironic style, and moral seriousness. Her characters, such as Ellen Olenska in The Age of Innocence, Ethan Frome, and the charming but ineffectual Lily Bart in The House of Mirth, are some of the most memorable in American literature. Often portrayed as tragic victims of cruel social conventions, they are trapped in bad relationships or confining circumstances. Her own life stands as an example of the obstacles that a woman of her time and place had to overcome to find self-realization.

Read more about Edith Wharton at Smithsonian...

PDF Update:
I've added the most recent hand-outs to the class website. They are downloadable as PDF files, as follows:

Introduction to Edith Wharton & Ethan Frome

Ethan Frome Assignment Sheet
Please note: This PDF is updated to include the data sheet due date, March 29 -- the same day as the final test on the Ethan Frome unit. You can still download the PDF and Word versions of the data sheet (see below). I will also make some more hard-copies available in the room

Data sheet in PDF

Date sheet in (DOC) Word

PSAT/SAT Question of the Day #3


Choose the pair of words that, when inserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.

Ms. Fergusson's main criticism of the artist's rendering of the ancient mammal's physical appearance is that, unsupported by even a ------- of fossil evidence, the image is bound to be ------- .
Answer Choices

(A) modicum . . speculative
(B) particle . . supplemented
(C) perusal . . substantiated
(D) fabrication . . obsolete
(E) recapitulation . . exhausted

Have a guess, and then check the comments box for the answer. Which one is correct, and why?

Wednesday, March 10, 2010

PSAT/SAT Question of the Day #2


Part of the following sentence is italicized; beneath the sentence are five ways of phrasing the underlined material. Select the option that produces the best sentence. If you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence than any of the alternatives, select choice A.

Looking up
from the base of the mountain, the trail seemed more treacherous than it really was.

(A) Looking up
(B) While looking up
(C) By looking up
(D) Viewing
(E) Viewed

Try to figure out which one is correct and why -- before you look at the answer in the comments box.